ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To propose a three-dimensional (3D) method for evaluating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) changes during Twin-block treatment.@*METHODS@#Seventeen patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion treated using Twin-block and nine untreated patients with a similar malocclusion were included in this research. We collected their cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data from before and 8 months after treatment. Segmentations were constructed using ITK-SNAP. Condylar volume and superficial area were measured using 3D Slicer. The 3D landmarks were identified on CBCT images by using Dolphin software to assess the condylar positional relationship. 3D models of the mandible and glenoid fossa of the patients were constructed and registered via voxel-based superimposition using 3D Slicer. Thereafter, skeletal changes could be visualized using 3DMeshMetric in any direction of the superimposition on a color-coded map. All the superimpositions were measured using the same scale on the distance color-coded map, in which red color represents overgrowth and blue color represents resorption.@*RESULTS@#Significant differences were observed in condylar volume, superficial area, and condylar position in both groups after 8 months. Compared with the control group (CG), the Twin-block group exhibited more obvious condyle-fossa modifications and joint positional changes. Moreover, on the color-coded map, more obvious condyle-fossa modifications could be observed in the posterior and superior directions in the Twin-block group than in the CG.@*CONCLUSIONS@#We successfully established a 3D method for measuring and evaluating TMJ changes caused by Twin-block treatment. The treatment produced a larger condylar size and caused condylar positional changes.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To extract the volatile oil in Semen Ocimi Basilici(SOB),determine the chemical con- stituents of the volatile oil extract the polysaccharide from the SOB residue after extracting the volatile oil,and analyze the monosaccharide compositions of the polysaccharide. Methods: The SOB volatile oil was extracted by the simultane- ous distillation and extraction(SDE)method and by the conventional method of steam distillation,respectively,and the chemical constituents of the oils were analyzed and identified by the gas chromatography- mass spectrometry(GC- MS). Polysaccharides in the SOB residues were obtained by the water extraction,followed by the alcohol precipitation,and the monosaccharide compositions of the polysaccharide were analyzed by the thin layer chromatography (TLC). Results In total 51 compounds were identified in the SOB volatile oil extracted by the SDE method,accounting for 91.76% of the total oil amount,involving the alkanes,alkenes,alkynes,alcohols,esters,aldehydes,acids,ketones, ethers,acyl chloride,heterocycles,amide and other substances. In total 43 compounds were identified in the SOB vola- tile oil extracted by the conventional steam distillation,accounting for 88.20% of the total oil amount,which was related to the alkanes,alkenes,alkynes,alcohols,esters,aldehydes,acids,ethers,ketones,heterocycles,amides and other substances. The monosaccharide composition analysis showed that the SOB polysaccharide was composed of 5 kinds of monosaccharides. Conclusion: Among the identified compounds,only 9 compounds existed in the SOB volatile oils extracted by two different Methods:,indicating that the combined use of the two different extraction Methods: may be more powerful for comprehensive analysis of the chemical constituents of SOB volatile oil.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To collect the clinical features and gene mutation types of children with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis(NCLs)in China,and to help to make genetic diagnosis of NCLs patients. METHODS: The clinical manifestations and examinations of one case with complaints of language disorder for 1.5 years,dyskinesia for 0.5 years and repeated convulsions for one week were collected,and literatures of NCLs from China were reviewed. RESULTS: The electroencephalogram(EEG)showed multiple spikes and slow-wave discharges bilaterally. The brain MRI scan showed high hyperintensities adjacent to the bilateral posterior horns of the lateral ventricles on T2-weighted images and broadened cerebellar fissures. The "leukoencephalopathies and symptomatic epilepsy" was diagnosed. The genetic analysis showed that the proband had a homozygous missense point mutation c.892 G>A(p.Glu298 Lys)(reference sequence:NM＿017882.2)in exon 7 of CLN6 and that both his parents were heterozygous for the mutation. The diagnosis of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis(LINCLs)was confirmed according to the clinical features and genetic analysis results. In CNKI,WANFANG and WIPP Databases,we reviewed the relevant domestic reports about NCLs(28 articles). A total of 3 cases of CLN6 gene mutation were reported,including 2 cases of LINCLs caused by heterozygous mutation and 1 case of JNCLs caused by homozygous mutation. Here we reported the first case of LINCLs caused by a CLN6 homozygous mutation in China. CONCLUSION: This is the first case of LINCLs caused by CLN6 homozygous mutation reported in China. Our report expands the genotype data for NCLs.The mutant genes reported in NCLs patients are CLN1,CLN2,CLN3,CLN5,CLN6 and CLN7,and the clinical manifestations are intractable epilepsy,decreased vision,decreased intelligence,mental and motor dysfunction,personality and behavior changes,and memory decline. A gene sequencing panel for investigating unexplained seizures,leukoencephalopathies and inherited metabolic disorder can help to make the diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: With a clear distinction from traditional computed tomography (CT) imaging with information absorption, phase-contrast CT with synchronous radiation has implemented the microstructure imaging of soft tissues in organisms with an unprecedented imaging mechanism. OBJECTIVE: To explore the synchrotron radiation phase-contrast CT imaging technology in the bone regeneration imaging after bone grafting. METHODS: Four New Zealand white rabbits were used to make a metaphyseal defect model. Then, model rabbits were randomized into a group with calcium phosphate bone grafting and a group with Bio-Oss bone grafting in the defects. The specimens were imaged by the synchrotron radiation phase-contrast CT and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and sirius red 2 weeks after bone grafting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Bio-Oss bone graft material group: Osteoid was observed not only around the graft material but also in the area far from the graft bone material as reticulate structure by the synchrotron radiation phase-contrast CT. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed a large amount of red osteoid tissues arranged as trabecular bone, and a large amount of osteoblasts with obvious osteogensis. Sirius red-stained pathological sections were largely stained yellow, and there were round or oval osteoblasts with strongly expressed type I collagen. (2) Calcium phosphate bone graft material group: There was no reticulate structure shown by the synchrotron radiation phase-contrast CT, and the creep of osteoid tissues was only around the bone graft. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed a large amount of red osteoid tissues, and sirius red-stained pathological sections were stained yellow and red. To conclude, the synchronous radiation phase-contrast CT can clearly display the regenerated structure of bone grafts.
ABSTRACT
AIM To study the chemical constituents from Illicium brevistylum A.C.Smith and to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The n-BuOH fraction of 80％ ethanol extract from I.brevistylum was isolated and purified by silica,ODS and Sephadex LH-20,the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.Then their anti-inflammatory activities were screened.RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated and identified as (7S,8R)-3,3',5-trimethoxy-4',7-epoxy-8,5'-neolignan-4,9,9'-triol (1),methylabieta-8,11,13,15-tetraen-18-oate (2),majusanin A (3),pubeside C (4),(+)-lyoniresinol-3a-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (5),junipercomnoside D (6),lyoniside (7),nudiposide (8),rhyncoside A (9).The inhibition rates of compounds 2,6,9 on NF-κB were 47.81％,37.33％,33.37％,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1,5,7-9 are isolated from genus Illicium for the first time,and compounds 2,6,9 exhibit good anti-inflammatory activities.
ABSTRACT
Objective To extract the volatile oil of Ramulus Mori and analyze the chemical composition of the volatile oil. Methods The volatile oil of Ramulus Mori was extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction(SDE)and direct distillation extraction(DDE)method, and the chemical composition was identified by GC-MS. Results Nineteen compounds were identified in the volatile oil extracted by SDE, which accounted for 94.49% of the total amount of detection. There were alkyl, acids, aldehydes, ketones, esters, alcohols and other substances in the volatile oil. And 16 compounds were determined in the volatile oil extracted by DDE, accounting for 97.12% of the total amount detected. There were furan, carboxylic acids, esters, aldehydes, alcohols, phenols, ketones, alkene and acyl halide. The chemical compositions of the volatile oil extracted by SDE were more than those extracted by DDE. Conclusion The chemical constituents of volatile oil of Ramulus Mori can be more fully identified by the combination of the two extraction methods.
ABSTRACT
Objective To extract the volatile oil of Ramulus Mori and analyze the chemical composition of the volatile oil. Methods The volatile oil of Ramulus Mori was extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction(SDE)and direct distillation extrac?tion(DDE)method,and the chemical composition was identified by GC-MS. Results Nineteen compounds were identified in the vol?atile oil extracted by SDE,which accounted for 94.49%of the total amount of detection. There were alkyl,acids,aldehydes,ketones, esters,alcohols and other substances in the volatile oil. And 16 compounds were determined in the volatile oil extracted by DDE,ac?counting for 97.12 % of the total amount detected. There were furan,carboxylic acids,esters,aldehydes,alcohols,phenols,ke?tones,alkene and acyl halide. The chemical compositions of the volatile oil extracted by SDE were more than those extracted by DDE. Conclusion The chemical constituents of volatile oil of Ramulus Mori can be more fully identified by the combination of the two ex?traction methods.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), one of the major metabolites from prostaglandin D2 in arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, has potential anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of 15d-PGJ2-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanocapsules (15d-PGJ2-NC) on inflammatory responses and bone regeneration in local bone defect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study was conducted on 96 Wistar rats from June 2014 to March 2016. Saline, unloaded nanoparticles, free 15d-PGJ2or 15d-PGJ2-NC, were delivered through a collagen vehicle inside surgically created transcortical defects in rat femurs. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the surrounding soft tissue were analyzed by Western blot and in the defect by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction over 14 days. Simultaneously, bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) and platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) messenger RNA (mRNA) in the defect were examined. New bone formation and EphrinB2 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) protein expression in the cortical defect were observed by Masson's Trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry over 28 days. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Least-significant difference and Dunnett's T3 methods were used with a bilateral P< 0.05.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Application of l5d-PGJ2-NC (100 μg/ml) in the local bone defect significantly decreased IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA and protein, compared with saline-treated controls (P < 0.05). l5d-PGJ2-NC upregulated BMP-6 and PDGF-B mRNA (P < 0.05). New bone formation was observed in the cortical defect in l5d-PGJ2-NC-treated animals from 7th day onward (P < 0.001). Expression of EphrinB2 and OPG presented early on day 3 and persisted through day 28 in 15d-PGJ2-NC group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Stable l5d-PGJ2-NC complexes were prepared that could attenuate IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression, while increasing new bone formation and growth factors related to bone regeneration.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 , Metabolism , Bone Regeneration , Inflammation , Drug Therapy , Interleukin-1beta , Metabolism , Interleukin-6 , Metabolism , Platelet-Derived Growth Factor , Metabolism , Prostaglandin D2 , Therapeutic Uses , Rats, Wistar , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , MetabolismABSTRACT
AIM To study the chemical constituents from Illicium brevistylum A.C.Smith and to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The n-BuOH fraction of 80％ ethanol extract from I.brevistylum was isolated and purified by silica,ODS and Sephadex LH-20,the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.Then their anti-inflammatory activities were screened.RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated and identified as (7S,8R)-3,3',5-trimethoxy-4',7-epoxy-8,5'-neolignan-4,9,9'-triol (1),methylabieta-8,11,13,15-tetraen-18-oate (2),majusanin A (3),pubeside C (4),(+)-lyoniresinol-3a-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (5),junipercomnoside D (6),lyoniside (7),nudiposide (8),rhyncoside A (9).The inhibition rates of compounds 2,6,9 on NF-κB were 47.81％,37.33％,33.37％,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1,5,7-9 are isolated from genus Illicium for the first time,and compounds 2,6,9 exhibit good anti-inflammatory activities.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish a thin-layer chrometograrrgy(TLC) method for the identification of quercetin and chlorogenic acid in Ramulus mori, and to screen their antioxidant activity. Methods The quercetin and chlorogenic acid were extracted by ultrasonic method with methanol as a solvent. The effect of different developed system, reagent, temperature, view methods and different silica gel plate on the TLC of quercetin and chlorogenic acid in Ramulus mori were tested to select the best TLC conditions. The antioxidant activity of quercetin and chlorogenic acid was screened with DPPH as a reagent. Results The ethyl acetate:water:formic acid:toluene(17:2:2:0.8) was used as a developing system and 1% AlCl3 as a chromogenic reagent. Quercetin and chlorogenic acid in Ramulus mori were identified under 366 nm, with blue and blue-green spots on silica gel G plate, and yellowish spots under purple background by the test of TLC-bioautography. Both were proven to have antioxidant activity. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and reliable, and can be used for quality control of Ramulus mori.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish the methods for identification and quantification ofγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)in Ramu?lus Mori by TLC and HPLC. Methods GABA was extracted by ultrasonic method with ethanol as solvent. The sample was applied on an efficient silica gel G plate with n-butanol-acetic acid-water(4∶2.2∶1)as the developing system,and ninhydrin was used as chromog?enie reagent. The content ofγ-GABA was determined by HPLC. The separation was carried out on a ODS(4.6 mm × 250 mm,5μm) column with phosphate buffered solution(pH=6.8)-methanol as a mobile phase with gradient elution,flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,the de?tection wavelength was 335 nm. Results The TLC spots of GABA in Ramulus Mori were clear with good separation. The assay of GA?BA was linear in the range of 1.006-84.504μg/ml and correlation coefficient was 0.9994. Conclusion The methods are simple,ac?curate and reproducible which are valuable to identify Ramulus Mori.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish a thin-layer chrometograrrgy(TLC)method for the identification of quercetin and chloro?genic acid in Ramulus mori,and to screen their antioxidant activity. Methods The quercetin and chlorogenic acid were extracted by ultrasonic method with methanol as a solvent. The effect of different developed system,reagent,temperature,view methods and differ?ent silica gel plate on the TLC of quercetin and chlorogenic acid in Ramulus mori were tested to select the best TLC conditions. The antioxidant activity of quercetin and chlorogenic acid was screened with DPPH as a reagent. Results The ethyl acetate∶water∶formic acid∶toluene(17∶2∶2∶0.8)was used as a developing system and 1%AlCl3 as a chromogenic reagent. Quercetin and chlorogenic acid in Ramulus mori were identified under 366 nm,with blue and blue-green spots on silica gel G plate,and yellowish spots under purple background by the test of TLC-bioautography. Both were proven to have antioxidant activity. Conclusion The method is simple,accu?rate and reliable,and can be used for quality control of Ramulus mori.
ABSTRACT
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a kind of neurodevelopmental multigenic disorder. More than one hundred of candidate genes for ASD have been reported. The candidate gene research for ASD involves in chromosome loci and screening of candidate genes and epigenetic abnormalities for candidate genes. The reported genes encode neural adhesion molecules, ion channels, scaffold proteins, protein kinases, receptor protein and carrier protein, signaling modulate molecules and circadian relevant proteins. The research of mutation screening and expression regulation of candidate genes can help to elucidate genetic mechanisms for ASD, and may provide new approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. This article reviews the research advance in candidate genes for ASD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Autism Spectrum Disorder , Genetics , Gene Dosage , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Ion Channels , Genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins , Genetics , Signal Transduction , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of radical nephrectomy plus inferior vena cava thrombectomy,and to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative temporary inferior vena cava filter placement and intraoperative application of liver transplantation techniques to reveal the inferior vena cava in order to avoid tumor thrombosis shedding and embolism.Methods The data of 42 cases (January 2004 to December 2010) of renal cell carcinoma with subdiaphragmatic thrombus were analyzed retrospectively.All these patients underwent radical nephrectomy plus inferior vena cava thrombectomy.Patients were implanted temporary inferior vena cava filter as preoperative routine.Patients with the tumor thrombi behind the liver were applied liver transplant techniques to free and turn liver to the left in order to reveal inferior vena cava,block blood flow according to priority and then finish the inferior vena cava thrombectomy.The filter was removed postoperatively on the same day,and the patients were followed up as routine.Results The operation of the 42 cases was successful without symptomatic tumor thrombus embolism perioperatively,while 1 case died of severe postoperative lung infection.The average operation time was 220 min (130-320 min),blood loss was 750 ml (200-2500 ml),and 12 cases had blood transfusion with an average of 800 ml (400-2000 ml).Forty-one cases were followed up with an average period of 36 months (6-60 months).Among the 37 cases without preoperative tumor metastasis,15 cases had metastases and 22 cases had disease-free survival.Conclusions Nephrectomy and inferior vena cava thrombectomy could be safe and effective for renal cell carcinoma with subdiaphragmatic thrombosis.Preoperative temporary inferior vena cava filter placement and intraoperative application of liver transplantation techniques to reveal the inferior vena cava can be effective to prevent tumor thrombosis shedding and embolism and improve surgical safety.
ABSTRACT
Objective To reassess the treatment of Bosniak category Ⅱ-Ⅲ renal cyst.Methods Sixty-eight cases of Bosniak category Ⅱ-Ⅲ renal cyst were operated from 2005 to 2008 in our institute.The average patient age was 40 years with the average renal cyst diameter of 5.1 cm.There were 37 left lesions and 31 right lesions with 31 cases of category Ⅱ (including 13 cases of category Ⅱ F) and 37 cases of category Ⅲ.Renal unroofing were performed in 49 cases with 9 cases found malignant and followed by radical nephrectomy,19 cases were diagnosed as malignancy preoperatively and nephron sparing surgery or radical nephrectomy were performed in these cases.Results Malignant lesions were found in 21 cases and benign lesions were found in 47 cases.The malignant rate was 9.7％ in category Ⅱ (15.4％ in category Ⅱ F),48.6％ in category Ⅲ.Nine cases were diagnosed benign preoperatively but confirmed malignancy after operation; 7 cases were diagnosed malignancy preoperatively but confirmed benign after operation.Forty-two cases were followed up for 8-65 months with 15 cases of malignancy and 27 cases of benign lesions.The recurrence of renal cyst occurred in 6 cases of benign lesions and recurrence and metastasis occurred in 3 cases of malignancy in 1-5 years.Conclusions It is difficult to draw a therapeutic principle for Bosniak category Ⅱ-Ⅲ renal cyst because of the uncertainty of the lesion.Partial nephrectomy or renal cystectomy is a good choice in the treatment of Bosniak category Ⅱ-Ⅲ renal cysts.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the hematological adverse events of sunitinib in treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma.Methods Forty-four male patients and 18 female patients were included in this study.They were all with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and received sunitinib treatment at the dose of 50 mg daily in repeated 6 weeks cycle (4 weeks on and 2 weeks off).Toxicity was assessed every cycle with tumor assessments every 2 cycles via CT or PET-CT.Results Fifty patients (80.6％) had experienced treatment-related hematotoxicity,including leucocytopenia,anemia and thrombocytopenia.Severe hematological adverse events ( grade 3 -4 ) occured in 18 patients ( 29.0％ ) and slight events ( grade 1 - 2 ) in others (51.6％).Most of the hematological adverse events were manageable and reversible and treatment-changes (dose reduction,interruption) were necessary in severe cases.Almost half of the dose reduction (9/21,42.9％ ) were owing to hematotoxicity.Conclusions Sunitinib of 50 mg dose on schedule 4/2 is effective and well-tolerated in advanced renal carcinoma patients.Hematological adverse events are frequent in Chinese patients and can be controlled well.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo study the risk factors of renal artery pseudoaneurysm (RAP) following partial nephrectomy.MethodsOpen partial nephrectomy was performed on a total of 464 cases of renal cell cancer from July 2003 to May 2010. Five patients ( 1.1％ ) had postoperative hemorrhage from RAP.The surgery technique of the open partial nephrectomy, the clinical presentation, imaging findings and treatment of RAP were reviewed. The anatomical characteristics of these five renal tumors on enhanced CT were quantified using the R.E.N.A.L. Nephrometry Score System.ResultsAll five cases were male, two had tumors on the left side and three on the right side. Median tumor size was 3.6 cm ( range from 2.5 to 5 cm; Radius score 1 - 2). Four tumors were exophytic of these, three had a major endophytic component (≥50％) deep in the parenchyma (Exophytic/endophytic score 2 ), one was entirely endophytic (score 3 ). The distance of all the tumors to the collecting system was ≤4 mm ( Nearness score 3 ). Four of the five tumors were across the polar line and/or renal axial midline ( Location score 3 ). The other tumor was located under the lower pole ( Location score 1 ) but close to the renal hilar. All patients presented with delayed gross haematuria and decreasing hemoglobin occurred on mean postoperative day 12 (3 -23 day). Four patients complained of flank pain, two of which had signs of hypovolemia requiring blood transfusion. The diagnosis was confirmed by the contrast medium-enhanced CT and selective angiography, and RAP was found most commonly arising from the segmental branch of renal artery. Superselective microcoil angioembolization was successfully performed in four cases, once in three cases and twice in the remaining case. The procedure failed in one patient and a nephrectomy was done. At a mean follow-up of 21 months (12 -30) , all patients had normal renal function without evidence of recurrence.ConclusionsRAP should be considered in all patients who had delayed hematuria after partial nephrectomy. A central, deep tumor and its relationship to the segmental branch of renal artery could be an important risk factor for this complication. Choosing the case properly for partial nephrectomy and suturing the transected vessels and the defect of parenchymal correctly could reduce occurrence of this serious complication. Early use of selective angioembolization could be a primary choice of treatment.
ABSTRACT
objecfive To know and compare the intelligence level of children born in different time periods in regions with iodine deficiency disorders(IDD)in Liaoning province.Methods All 7-14 year-old children from ten schools were chosen as the subjects respectively from six villages in each of the six counties and in regions with iodine deficiency,who were respectively born at the initialization of iodinated salt supplying period(1978-1980);non-iodinated salt supplying period(1981-1990);recovery of supplied iodized salt period(1991-1995);universal iodized salt period(1996-2000),respectively.Intelligence quotient(IQ)was measured by Combined Ravens Test in China(CRT-C)and Combined Ravens Test-the Rural,in China,2nd edition(CRT-RC2).Results IQ of children during the non-iodized salt period(91.9±14.3)was significantly lower than the initial supply of iodized salt period(95.8±14.6,q=8.60,P<0.01),recovery of supplied iodized salt period(99.7±14.7)was significantly higher than the initial supply of iodized salt period, non-iodized salt sales period(q = 9.53, 18.13, all P < 0.01 ),universal salt iodization( 104.3 ± 14.9) was significantly higher than the initial supply of iodized salt period, non-iodized salt sales period, recovery of supplied salt iodization(q = 20.00,28.00,10.46, all P < 0.01). Children's rate of mental retardation (IQ≤69) was higher in non-iodinated salt supplying period (6.7%, 88/1314 ) than the initial supply of iodized salt (4.4%, 21/471, χ2 = 3.85, P < 0.05), recovery of supplied iodized salt period(3.3%,48/1470) was significantly lower than non-iodinzed salt supplying period (χ2 = 15.37, P < 0.01), universal salt iodization period(2.7%, 36/1344) was lower than the initial supply of iodized salt period(χ2 = 4.41, P < 0.05) and non-iodinzed salt supplying period(χ2 = 26.34, P < 0.01 ). The IQ and intelligent retarded rates in children born during the initial years of iodinated salt supplying period were not different. The IQ of the children during ten years of non-iodized salt supplying period fluctuated in a "∪" curve, while the intelligent retardation rates in a "∩" curve.The children born during the period of recovery supplied iodized salt increased their IQ and lowered the retardation rates year after year. The IQ of the children in universal iodized salt period kept on increasing while intelligent retarded rates reduced to the lowest level. Conclusions The intelligence level of children born in regions with IDD during non-iodized salt supplying period is remarkably lower than that of the beginning years of iodinated salt supplying period. The intelligence level of children born after universal iodized salt period is remarkably higher than that of the initial iodinated salt supplying period and recovery of supplied iodized salt period, respectively.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Methods Twenty-three male patients and 8 female patients were included in this study.All patients were metastatic renal cell carcinoma with prior radical nephrectomy or biopsy.Patients received treatment with sunitinib in repeated 6-week cycles,consisting of 4 weeks of 50 mg daily sunitinib administration followed by 2 weeks off treatment(schedule 4/2).CT scan was used to evaluate the efficacy every 2 cycles. Results Twenty-four of the patients could be evaluated the efficacy.None of them achieved complete responses,5 achieved partial responses,15 were in stable and 4 were with disease progression including 1 death.Four patients were forced to stop treatments because of poor general condition,lack of financial support or hepatic injury.Three cases could not be evaluated because of no long enough follow-up.The objective response rate was 21%(5/24)and disease control rate was 83%(20/24).The common adverse effects included hand-foot syndrome,diarrhea,anorexia,stomatitis,hemorrhagic tendency and hematotoxicity.But almost all of them were curable by using adjuvant drugs. Conclusions Sunitinib is efficient in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcisoma.Most of the side effects are tolerable or curable.
ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the etiology and management of hemorrhage after partial nephrectomy because of renal cancer. Methods Of the 382 cases performed partial nephrectomy during a 10-year period, 5 patients(1.3%) had postoperative hemorrhage because of a renal artery pseudoaneurysm. The ages of these patients were from 42 to 63 years. All the tumors were malignant with an average diameter of 2. 8 cm. The renal pedicle was blocked in 2 cases with tumor size larger than 3 cm. The kidney was reconstructed with interrupted 0 chromic sutures in "8"or "U" style. Delayed postoperative hemorrhage occurred from 6 days to 3 months. The blood loss was from 1000 to 4500mi. Shock or lower blood pressure occurred in 3 patients. Nephrectomy was performed in 1 patient and selective angiographic embolization was performed in other 4 cases. Results Angiography revealed renal artery pseudoaneurysm in all 5 cases at the third (4 cases) or fourth branch(1 patient).Percutaneous embolization was successful in 4 patients. Four cases were followed up for 2 to 9 years without complication. Conclusions Delayed postoperative hemorrhage following partial nephrectomy is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication. Super-selective angiographic embolization could be the first choice of treatment.